In terms of visual impact, no temple can rival that of Hatshepsut. This exceptional multi-level structure, set against limestone cliffs in a spur of the valley, offers a magnificent view. The unique character of its layout reflects well the personality of the pharaoh who built it.
Designed by the architect Senenmut, heir to Imhotep, the temple was dedicated in part to the Ka of Thutmose I, pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty during the Middle Kingdom and father of Queen Hatshepsut, as well as to the Ka of the queen herself, which confirmed her right to rule despite being a woman. The temple is also dedicated to the goddess Hathor, who has her own chapel here, located south of the Punt Hall, where Hathoric pillars still stand.
The temple lay in ruins when it was discovered in the mid-19th century, heavily damaged by Thutmose III after he came to the throne, likely in retaliation for having been kept from power by Hatshepsut for many years. The site was also used as a monastery during the early centuries of our era, which probably contributed to its deterioration. It was later restored through major works. Most of the columns are not original, and much of the bas-relief paintings have not been particularly well preserved.
